Table 1. The status of the development of COVID-19 vaccine candidates, focusing on the developer and human trials

Type of COVID-19 vaccine candidates	Platform	Developer	Current stage of clinical evaluation/regulatory status coronavirus candidate	References
mRNA-1273	RNA	Moderna/NIAID	Phase IINCT04405076Phase INCT04283461	(Corey et al., 2020; Le et al., 2020; Lurie et al., 2020; WHO, 2020)
Adenovirus Type 5 Vector (Ad5-nCoV)	Non-replicating viral vector	CanSino Biological Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology	Phase IIChiCTR2000031781Phase IChiCTR2000030906
INO-4800	DNA(DNA plasmid vaccine with electroporation)	INOVIO Pharmaceuticals	Phase INCT04336410
LV-SMENP-DC	Modified lentiviral vector	Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute	Phase INCT04276896
COVID-19/aAPC	Pathogen-specific aAPC (artificial antigen-presenting cell)	Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute	Phase INCT04299724
BNT162	RNA	BioNTech/Pfizer	Phase I/II
ChAdOx1	Non-replicating viral vector	University of Oxford/AstraZeneca SARS	Phase IIb/III2020-001228-32Phase I/II2020-001072-15
MVA encoded VLP	Non-replicating viral vector (GV-MVA-VLPTM)	GeoVax/BravoVax	Preclinical
COVID-19 vaccine	mRNA	CuraVac Inc.	Private-for-profit
AAVCOVID	Novel gene	Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Massachusetts General Hospital	Testing in humans
Oral Vaccine platform	Non-replicating viral vector	Vaxart Inc.	Preclinical